Hyperpigmentation is when we have increased melanin deposited on the surface of our skin. It can result in sunspots, wider pigmented spread on the face and age spots. In light of the long, hot summer predicted this year, we asked Software doctor, Dr Sapna Divani-Patel for some tips on preventing it.
What is hyperpigmentation?
“Hyperpigmentation is when we have increased melanin deposited on the surface of our skin,” Dr Divani-Patel explains.
“The pigments in melanin are our skin’s own defense mechanism from UV radiation and actually help reduce the chances of you burning. These pigmented proteins can absorb UV radiation. That’s why people with darker skin tones are less likely to burn from the sun. When your skin is exposed to the sun, it increases this melanin production to protect itself. This is what happens when you tan.
“However, when your skin tries to do this again and again, cell growth can become disordered. This is what causes melanoma and other skin cancers. Any type of inflammation can lead to hyperpigmentation, including sunburns.”
Can exposure to the sun give you hyperpigmentation?
Absolutely. We know sun exposure can increase the production of melanin (brown pigment protein) to protect your skin from UV rays. This can result in an uneven complexion, sunspots or dark spots, and darkened skin.
One common type of hyperpigmentation caused by sun damage is Melasma.
“Melasma is a pigmentation disorder with a specific distribution of darker patches usually on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It’s more common in women and in those with slightly darker skin who tan easily (Fitzpatrick III and IV),” says Dr Divani-Patel.
“Sun protection is the most important factor to help prevent this, especially if you have a family history of this type of pigmentation.”
To keep dark spots at bay, and importantly help to prevent skin cancer, ensure you’re not out in the sun unprotected. Always wear protective clothing, a hat, wide brimmed sunglasses and plenty of SPF30+.
Is sun discolouration long-lasting?
Luckily, sunspots can fade overtime, though there is a chance that they will not completely go away.
If you suspect the sun is the culprit of your pigmentation issues, take steps to prevent sun damage. For example, avoid the sun during peak hours and apply SPF every single morning.
Keep in mind that the fading process can take anywhere from six-12 months. If the spots are much darker than your natural skin tone, it might even take years. It’s a patience game but your skin will heal.
How can I prevent and treat pigmentation from the sun?
There are several different options to prevent and treat sun pigmentation.
The most important thing to do is protect your skin in advance. To put it simply, sun protection is the biggest factor in ensuring healthy skin cells. Wearing sun protection, protective clothing, and broad-spectrum sunscreen of at least SPF30+ are all critical in protecting your skin from sun damage and avoiding hyperpigmentation.
“There are several skincare ingredients that can block the enzymes responsible for melanin production,” says Dr Divani-Patel. “These are called Tyrosinase inhibitors and include azelaic acid, kojic acid, and L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which can be incorporated into your skincare routine.”
A dermatologist or cosmetic doctor can correctly diagnose and recommend clinical treatments such as laser, Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT), Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), Light-Emitting Diode (LED) therapy, acid or enzyme peels, along with appropriate skincare.
